理工类职称英语B级模拟试题(阅读理解)
第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。 第一篇 The Issue of Package Maybe everyone has such an experience that you have to unwrap several layers of packaging when you enjoy a piece of candy. But this overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping. The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment. Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies, washed out,and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles. The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs. It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and reuse of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and make things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more advanced approach to using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function. 31. "This overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. " (Line 2, Paragraph 1) means __________. A. more wrapping is needed for ordinary products B. more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary products C. too much wrapping is used for both luxury and ordinary products D. the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary 32. Packaging is important to manufacturers because __________. A. it is easy to use it again B. shoppers are interested in beautiful packaging C. they want to attract more shoppers D. packaged things will not go rotten 33. According to the passage, dairies are __________. A. experimenting with the use of paper bottles B. giving up the use of glass bottles C. increasing the use of plastic bottles D. re-using their paper containers 34. Some environmentalists think that __________. A. plastic packaging should be made more convenient B. no alternative can be found to plastic packaging C. too much plastic is wasted D. shops should stop using plastic containers 35. The author thinks that A. packing is actually useless and could be ignored B.people will soon stop using packaging altogether C.enough research has been done into recycling D.it is better to produce new materials than to re—tlSe old ones 第二篇 Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don't mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. have invented a backpack thatmakes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions search-and-rescue operations and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cellphones global positioning system (GPS) receivers,night-vision goggles, and other battery powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpack's electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer's load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept.9 science. The backpack's electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearer's back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack's oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren't on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! 36. Backpacks are convenient because __________. A o they can be verylarge B. they can hold as many things as you want to carry C. your handsare freed to do other things Do you do not have to carry things withyou 37. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented byLawrence C.Romeand his colleagues? A. It produces electricity forelectronic devices while the wearer walks. B. It can be used as cellphones, GPS in the military actions or field studies. C. It is small andconvenient. D. It is light and easy to carry. 38. The word "'springs" in Paragraph 3 means __________. A. a small stream of water flowing naturally from theearth B. the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer C. the act or an instance of jumping or leaping D. a length of metal woundaround, which returns to its original shape afterbeing pushed 39. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do? A. To make the backpackmore comfortable for the wearer. B. To put the backpack on the market. C. To test the advantage of the backpack. D. To promote the backpack in anewspaper or on television. 40. What is implied in "if you do get oneeventually, just make sure to look bothways before crossing the street!"? A. You will be too excited to watch the traffic. B. Enjoyingelectronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. C. It is notpossible for you to get such a backpack. D. It is wise of you to have such abackpack. 第三篇 Invisibility Ring Scientists can't yet make an invisibility cloak like the one that Harry Potter uses. But, for the first time, they've constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves. When a person "sees" an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize the sensations and reconstruct the object's original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away. Invisibility isn't possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light, microwaves are a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultravioletmys, X rays, and gamma rays. The wave lengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light. The scientists' new "invisibility device" is the size of a drink coaster and shaped likearing. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves strike thering, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths. To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring, it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So, the ring is effectively invisible. When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring, it, too, is nearly invisible. However, the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves, not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet. 41. Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientists __________. A. can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses B. try to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses C. try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses D. know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind 42. What is true of microwaves? A. Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light. B. Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. C. They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy. D. They are visible to the human eye. 43. What is NOT true of the invisibility device? A. It is made of a special material with unusual ability. B. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it. C. Microwaves pass through it when they strike it. D. It bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. 44. What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage? A. A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top. B. A vessel engaged in coastal trade. C. A roller coaster. D. A resident of a coastal area. 45. Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet, because __________. A. scientists have not found out how his cloak works B. the cloaking device is a total failure C. the cloaking device works only for microwaves D. the cloaking device works only for visible light
职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)
练习： 1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。 2.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。 3.B 文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。 4.A 本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。 5.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。 6.A 选A的依据是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ... 7.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。 译文：微芯片研究中心成立 为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。 该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的.技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。 由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。 几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。 如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。 Text three The Biology of Music Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers. What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1 Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music? If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true. Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately. By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off. However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research. 词汇： automatically .自动地 note 音符 stroke 中风 注释： 1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。 练习： 1.Humans, but not animals, can sing. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2.People can use music to communicate their emotions. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5.It’s hard for humans to compose music. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1.B 第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。 2.A 第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。 3.B 第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。 4.A 第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。 5.C 文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。 6.B 第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。 7.A 最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。 译文：音乐生物学 人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。 哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。 音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么? 如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。 有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。 通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。 然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。