小升初英语常考语法知识
2017小升初英语常考语法知识大全 为了帮助大家准备小升初英语考试,我精心准备了一些常考英语语法知识,希望能帮到大家! 一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格: a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类: (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法: (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况: (1)专有名词前:China is a big country. (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball. (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30. (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus 三、代词:人称代词,物主代词 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 第一 人称 单数 I(我) me my(我的) 复数 we(我们) us our(我们的) 第二 人称 单数 you(你) you your(你的) 复数 you(你们) you your(你们的) 第三 人称 单数 he(他) him his(他的) she(她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的) 四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级 (一)、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。 2.形容词加er的规则: ⑴ 一般在词尾加er ; ⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ; ⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。 3.不规则形容词比较级: good-better, beautiful-more beautiful (二)副词的比较级 1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther) 五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词 (1)1-20 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。 23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→ eighty-nine,91→ninety-one (3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数; 586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“ ,”前为billion 1,001→one thousand and one 18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion 二、序数词 (1)一般在基数词后加th eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth (2)不规则变化 one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。 twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th. 一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e. 若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。 六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等 1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。 ??at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) ?? 2.on 1)表示具体日期。 注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法: ??at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指 ??at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指 ??over the weekend?在整个周末 ??during the weekend?在周末期间 ? (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas? 2)在(刚……)的时候。 On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3.in 1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December, the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪) 七、动词:动词的四种时态: (1)一般现在时: 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies (2)一般过去时: 动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有: A、规则动词 ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的.原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt (3)一般将来时: 基本结构: ①be going to + do; ②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词 动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则: ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 第三部分:句法 1.陈述句 (1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor. He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening. 2. 疑问句 一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。 特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该 问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。 3.There be句型 There be 句型与have, has的区别 1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)x kb 1.c om 2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动 词的那个名词决定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语? 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语? ;
小升初英语考试,必须要掌握的英语语法知识点(三)
语法及练习5 现在进行时
现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________ make__________ go_________
like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________
sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________
love_________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _________________________________________________________________
4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _________________________________________________________________
语法及练习6 将来时
将来时
一、概念:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to + do; ②will+ do.
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问:一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed? 六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习:填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday?
I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually ________ (watch) TV and ________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.
What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.
语法及练习7 一般过去时
一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________
play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________
worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________
put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习
一、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型转换。
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、 中译英。
1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 ___________________________________________________________
2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 ___________________________________________________________
3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 ___________________________________________________________
行为动词的过去时练习
一、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
二、句型转换。
1. They played football in the playground.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、中译英。
1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 ________________________________________________________
2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 ________________________________________________________
3. 他刚才在找他的手机。 ________________________________________________________
过去时综合练习(1)
一、 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
二、 中译英。
1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。 _________________________________________________________
2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗?是的。 _________________________________________________________
3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。 _________________________________________________________
4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。 _________________________________________________________
过去时综合练习
一、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
二、中译英。
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。 _________________________________________________________
2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。 _________________________________________________________
3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗?不,没有。 _________________________________________________________
语法及练习8 There be 句型与have, has
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1. I________a good father and a good mother.
2. ____________a telescope on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses.
6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________?
8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________?
10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
11. My father_________a story-book.
12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase?
14. How many students____________in the classroom?
15. My parents___________some nice pictures.
16. _____________some maps on the wall.
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall.
18. David__________a telescope.
19. David’s friends___________some tents.
20. ______________many children on the hill.
Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”
1. I_________ a nice puppet.
2. He_________a good friend.
3. They__________ some masks.
4. We___________some flowers.
5. She___________ a duck.
6. My father____________ a new bike.
7. Her mother___________a vase.
8. Our teacher_________ an English book.
9. Our teachers___________a basketball.
10. Their parents___________some blankets
11. Nancy_________many skirts.
12. David__________some jackets.
13. My friends__________a football.
14. What do you__________?
15. What does Mike__________?
16. What do your friends___________?
17. What does Helen___________?
18. His brother________a basketball.
19. Her sister_________a nice doll.
20. Miss Li__________an English book.
小升初英语语法
小升初英语语法大全 can have done can have done 通常只用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句时表否定推断,推测肯定没做;用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”,表示怀疑。例如: Can he have done such a foolish thing? (= Is it possible …?) 他会做这样的傻事吗?(表怀疑) He can't have taken it home. 他不可能把它带回家了。(表不可能) could have done could have done 可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做,有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意,也可以表示对过去动作的推测;用于否定句和疑问句的情况与can have done相同。例如: You could have done better, but you didn't try your best. 你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力而为。(表惋惜) This glass is cracked. Someone could have dropped it. 这个玻璃杯破了。可能是谁把它掉在地上了。(表推测过去) Could he have left the work unfinished? 他会丢下工作不干了?(表怀疑) He couldn't have checked out so early. 他不可能这么早就离开了。(表不可能) 注意:can't have done 的语气比 couldn't have done 要强一些。例如: He can't have been to that town. 他根本不可能去过那座城市。(语气略强) The measurement couldn't have been wrong. 测量不可能出错了吧。(语气稍弱) 初中英语语法大全之比较have to和must 1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事) 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 He had to look after his sister yesterday。 3) 在否定结构中: don't have to表示"不必" mustn't表示"禁止", You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 编辑推荐: 初中英语语法知识点总结 初中英语语法大全之比较can和be able to 比较can 和be able to 1)can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 2)只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out。 = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out。 注意:could不表示时态 1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。 --- Could I have the television on? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can't。 2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。 编辑推荐: 初中英语语法知识点总结 小升初英语语法大全:不定冠词的用法 乐加乐英语:小升初英语语法大全:不定冠词的用法,供大家参考学习~ 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词有"a 和 an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音开头的词前,"an"用在以元音开头的词前。 注意:判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母,这一点很多初学者会搞错哦。 1. 用于可数名词的.单数形式前,表示“一” There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人或物 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3. 表示“某一个”的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有位先生要见你。 4. 表示“同一”的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。 The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5. 表示“每一”的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是老师。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 8. 在 such a,quite a 句式中 He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。 Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 9. 用在某些表示数量的词组中 a couple of 一对 a dozen 一打(也可以用 one dozen) a lot of 许多 a great many 很多(修饰可数名词) a great deal/amount of 大量(修饰不可数名词) 编辑推荐:小升初英语语法 小升初英语语法大全:定冠词the的用法 乐加乐英语:小升初英语语法大全:定冠词the的用法,供大家参考学习~ 1. 用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”) Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。 5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 7. 表示方向、方位 in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边 8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河 the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 9. 在姓氏复数前,表示一家人 The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10. 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前 the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12. 用在 the very 强调句中 This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。 13. 在 the more, the more 比较级的句式中 The more you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。 14. 表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 15. 某些固定的表达法 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往…去的路上 ;
小升初英语的英语语法
小升初英语必备的英语语法 小升初英语必备的英语语法 一、基数词 1)基数词写法和读法:345threehundredandforty-five; 2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数: a.与of短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scoresofpeople指许多人; b.在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里; 如:Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两的到达了。 c.表示“几十岁”; d.表示“年代”,用in+the+数词复数; e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3x5=15Threefivesis(are)fifteen. 二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式:first—1stsecond—2ndthirty-first—31st 三、数词的.用法 1)倍数表示法 a.主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+as Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。 b.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+thesize(amount,length…)of… Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。 c.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than… Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d.还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍 Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 2)分数表示法 构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数: 1/3one-third;3/37threethirty-sevenths. ;