定语从句语法
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词+关系代词或关系副词+从句本身。, 一、关系代词与关系副词 , 1、关系代词 , 在定语从句中，能作关系代词的有which、that、who/whom。 ,(1) which/that指物 ,例：The book which/that you borrowed me yesterday is interesting. 你昨天借给我的书很有意思。,(2) who/that指人 ,例：He is the man who/that lives next door.他是住在隔壁的那个人。,注意：关系代词在从句中作 宾语 时，which/that保持不变，who变为whom。,例：We wondered whom the book was about. 我们想知道这本书是关于谁的。, , 2、关系副词 , 在定语从句中，能作关系副词的有why（表原因）、where（表地点）、when（表时间）。 ,例：This is the reason why I was late this morning. 这就是我今天早上迟到的原因。, This is the town where he was born.这是他出生的小镇。, Tom got married in 2000 when he was 24 years old. 2000年汤姆结婚了，当时他24岁。,注意：千万不要看见前面是原因、地点、时间就用why、where、when这些关系副词，关键要看它们在从句中起名词还是副词的作用。,请看下面的例题：,This is the reason ______ I was late this morning.,This is the reason ______ I told you.,第一句中，the reason用来修饰迟到这个 动词 ，表示早上迟到的原因（I was late because…），因此它起到 副词 的作用，要用 why 。,而第二句中，the reason 是told的 宾语 （I told you the reason），起 名词 的作用，因此要用 which/that 。, , 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 , 1、结构上的区别 ,限制性定语从句不用 逗号 与主句隔开,例：I have a sister who is a doctor.（限制性定语从句）我有一个当医生的姐姐。,非限制性定语从句需使用 逗号 和主句隔开。,例：I have a sister, who is a doctor.（非限制性定语从句）我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。, 2、意义及功能上的区别 ,限制性定语从句修饰和限 制先行词 ，明确先行词内容，是先行词 不可缺少 的定语。如果删去，会影响主句意义的完整。,例：I have an elder brother who is a teacher.（限制性定语从句）我有一个当老师的哥哥。,（但我可能还有做其他工作的哥哥。删去该从句后，句子的整体含义发生了变化：I have an elder brother. 这句话的就意味着我只有一个哥哥了。）,非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加 补充说明 。如果删去，不会影响主句意义的完整。,例：I have an elder brother, who is a teacher.（非限制性定语从句）我有一个哥哥，他是当老师的。,（删去该从句后不影响句子的整体含义：I have an elder brother.）,从以上两句句子中也可以看出限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的译法也有所不同。,一般限制性定语从句会翻译成先行词的定语“…的”，而非限制性定语从句通常翻译成主句的并列句。, 3、先行词的内容区别 ,大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句或是主句中的某些内容，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。,例：A four-year-old boy can speak o foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.（非限制性定语从句）,一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。（令人惊讶的是“一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语”这件事，先行词为整个主句，所以应由which 引导非限制性定语从句。）, 4、关系词使用上的区别 , 4.1 在限制性定语从句中，当关系词做宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句中，关系词是不可省略的。 , 例：Is this the magazine (that) she wants?（限制性定语从句）这是她想要的杂志吗？, 例：The man returned home with the magazine, which he had bought in a bookstore.（非限制性定语从句）男人带着杂志回家了，这杂志是他在书店买的。, 4.2 非限制性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that或why ,例：Tennis, which is the best summer game, can be played by o or four players.（非限制性定语从句）网球是最好的夏日运动，可以有两个或四个人一起玩。,这句话不可以写成：Tennis, that is the best summer game, can be played by o or four players. 在语法上是错误的。, 4.3 在限制性定语从句中有时可用who代替whom，但是在非限制性定语从句中不可以用who代替whom ,例：He is the only doctor who/whom I can turn to for help.（限制性定语从句）他是我唯一能求助的医生了。（关系词作宾语时可用who代替whom）,例：He is a warm-hearted doctor, to whom I can turn for help.（非限制性定语从句）他是个好心的医生，我可以向他求助。, 5、 在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+关系代词”结构前可以使用all、both、most、some等词，与of which/whom搭配。 ,例：Her daughters, both of whom studied abroad, wrote to her once every o weeks.（她的两个女儿在国外读书，她们每两周给她写封信。）, 6、as引导非限制性定语从句 ,as作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，有“正如……，就像……”之意。,通常用于as we all know、as is said above、as is often the case等句式中。,as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。,例：As was often the case, he fot to bring the book. （他忘了带书，这很寻常。）=He fot to bring the book, as was often the case. ,以上就是定语从句的主要用法和解释。
史上最全定语从句规则
语法专题：定语从句
定语从句和形容词是近亲，都喜欢修饰n.或pron.
1. 先行词 ：被定语从句修饰的n.或pron。
2. 限制性定语从句 和 非限制性定语从句 的区别。
Those who want to go, please sign their names here.(限制性定语从句)
This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.（非限制性定语从句）
3.从句不完整，用 关系代词 ；从句完整，用 关系副词 。
1.That：
指人或物. 在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。作宾语时可省略。指人时，可与who, whom互换，指物时有时可与which互换。
I know the inventor that attended the meeting.（作主语）
He is the adviser（that）you are looking for. （作宾语）
【注意】
只能用that而不用which的情况：
第一种讲解方法：
（1）先行词为everything, something, anything, nothing,all, none, some,few, little,much,the one 等不定代词时；
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
That is all that I have.
（2）先行词被形容词最高级或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of 等修饰时；（如果先行词指人，可用关系代词who）
It is the most important taskthatshould be finished soon.
Don’t tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.
（3）先行词为数词或被序数词（含last）修饰时；
Look at these flowers. You can see the two thatyou gave me.
The first thing that my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
（4）先行词被the only（唯一）, the very （正是），the same （同一个）等词修饰时。
This is the very book that I want.
（5）先行词中既有人又有物时：
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.
（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时；
It’s a book that will help you a lot.
My home town is no longer the place that it used to be.
第二种讲解方法：
两：先行词既有人又有物
代：先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all等指物的代词时
限：先行词被the only, the very, the last,以及much,little, few, no等限定词修饰时
形：先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
数：先行词为数量词
特：特殊疑问句
有：There/Here is句型中
重：多重定语从句中已经有了which，为避免重复
表：关系词在从句中作表语
序：先行词被序数词修饰
口诀：两代限形数，特有重表序
2.Which：
指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。引导非限制性定语从句，可指代主句全句内容。
The tornado which happened last week was violent. （作主语）
He set the bird free, which made him happy. （作主语，指代主句全句）
Is that the entertainment program （which）you want to watch? （作宾语）
【注意】
只能用which不能用that 的情况：
（1）关系代词前有介词且指物时；
This is the room in whichLu Xun lived.
（2）非限制性定语从句中：
He has a daughter, whoworks in a hospital.
（3）先行词本身是that:
The clock is that which tells the time.
1. Who:
指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
The man who is sitting in the front row is an architect.
The old man （who/whom）you saw yesterday is a thinker.
2. Whom:
指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替。
Is that the teacher （whom/who）you referred to ?
【注意】关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
3. Whose:
既可指人可也指物，在定语从句中作定语。
They live in a house whose window faces south.
4. As:
既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。
（1）引导限制性定语从句，用于such...as,so...as, the same...as,as many（或as much）...as 结构中：
The houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
This is the same book as I read last week.
（2）引导非限制性定语从句，说明这个主句；从句的位置可在主句前，主句中或主句后，常用逗号和主句隔开。
As you know, our band was formed in a very unusual way.
As is often the case, Mary was late for school.
【补充】
as和which 的区别：
相同点：as, which 在非限制性定语从句中，都可指代整个句子，都可作主语，宾语，表语。
不同点：
1. 位置:as的位置灵活句首，句中都可以；which只放在句中。
2. 语义：as“正如”。
3. 固定搭配：as be done.
二．关系副词
1. Where:
当定语从句修饰地点名词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时。相当于in/at/on...+which
Ancient China was a place where（=in which） states were often at war with each other.
【注意】先行词为表地点含义的抽象名词situation,case, position, point等，且从句缺少状语时，常用where引导定语从句。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
2. when：
当定语从句修饰时间名词，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时。相当于in/at/on/during...+which,先行词常为day, week, time 等表时间的名词。
But it was a time when there were many great philosopher.
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,when（=during which）the audience can buy ice-cream.
3. Why:
当先行词是the reason,且关系词在从句中作原因状语。相当于for which.
This is the reason why=（for which）I’ve changed so much.
【注意】
先行词reason如在从句中作主语或宾语，其后的定语从句用that 或which 引导。
The reason that/which he explained to me is unreasonable.
【误区警示】
先行词表示时间或地点时，关系词不总是用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用which 或that.
I will never forget the days that we spent together.
三．介词+关系代词
【注意】
有这种用法的关系代词主要是which 和whom
1. 一先：介词根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。
I remember the day on which I joined the party.
the days during which I lived here.
the month in which I stayed here.
1.二动：介词根究从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定。
This is the book on which I spent five dollars.
for which I paid five dollars.
from which I learnt a lot.
about which Tom often talks.
2.三意义：介词根据句子意义来确定。
This is the book from which I got the story.
【注意】
在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词of。
The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of whichwas based loosely on the Beatles.
三．定语从句中的几个注意点
1.先行词为way:
（1）若引导词在从句中作主语，宾语或表语时，用关系代词which 或that 引导。
The way （that/which）you came up with at the meeting yesterday is well worth trying.
（2）若从句缺少方式状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法（=in this way）”
时，用that或in which 来引导，可省略。
Is this the way （that/in which）you deal with the garbage?
2.先行词为time:
（1）作“次数”讲，用that来引导。
I could hardly remember how many times （that） I’ve failed.
（2）作“一段时间”讲。
情况一：关系词在从句中作主语，宾语等，用that/which来引导。
I will never forget the time which/that we spent on the farm.
情况二：关系词在从句中作状语，用when或at/in/during which来引导。
He lived in a time when/during whichthere were no cars.
3.whose
可以与the +n.+of+which/whom互换。
We study in a room whosedoor faces south.=We study in a room the door of whichfaces south.
4.定语从句中的主谓一致
（1）关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
（2）先行词为one of +复数名词时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为the （only/very/right）one of +复数名词 时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
That is one of the most expensive dictionaries that have come out in recent years.
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记是什么?
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记：一、定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。二、关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which等，在从句中可作主语、宾语，定语等；关系副词有when，where，why等词，在定语从句中只用作状语。三、关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。关系代词和关系副词的用法当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语。四、只用which不用that的情况：1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。2、 在非限制性定语从句中。3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。五、只用who不用that的情况：1、当先行词是one、ones、anyone或those时。2、there be 结构中。3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。8、先行词是拟人化的名词。9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记有哪些？
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记：定语：用来修饰和限定名词或代词的成分，即形容词功能（不是句子主干，起修饰作用）。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句：由某一句子充当定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。定语从句构成：先行词+关系词+从句。先行词：定语从句修饰或限定的对象。关系词作用：①连接主从句。②指代先行词。③在定语从句中充当成分。关系词：关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致，作宾语时可省略。